Dear All,

Distance protection relay is one of the most important and artistic. A distance relay is a type of protection relay most often used for transmission line protection. Distance relays measure the impedance from the installation side to the fault location and operates in response to changes in the ratio of measured current and voltage.

Distance protection schemes are commonly employed for providing the primary or main protection and backup protection for AC transmission line and distribution line against three-phase faults, phase-to-phase faults, and phase-to-ground faults.

I have field experience of 18 years and I have prepare this course based on practical experience. Following topics are covered in this course.

• Single Line Diagram of Substation

  • Course will start with explanation of single line diagram of substation

  • Understand substation configuration

• Getting required data of transmission line

  • How line impedance is gathered

• Selection of adjacent line, shortest &longest

• How to set zone reaches for Z1,Z2 &Z3

• Current and voltage transformers

• Primary and secondary values

• What is transformation factor & how to calculate it

• Positive and zero sequence impedances

• Phase to ground compensation factor

• How to calculate Ko for composite lines

• What is Line angle and load angle

• What is line impedance

• How to select relay characteristics Mho or Quad

• How to do Zone 1, 2 & 3 calculations

• How to set non-homogeneous angle

• What is load encroachment and how to avoid it

• Power swing blocking

• Out of step tripping

• Stable and unstable power swing

• Switch on to fault

• Seal in time

• Loss of potential

Best Regards